The TN visa, created under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and maintained under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), allows qualified Canadian and Mexican citizens to work temporarily in the United States in certain professional occupations. This visa category is often sought after because it offers a streamlined and relatively quick process for employment-based entry into the U.S. labor market.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of what you need to obtain a TN visa. From eligibility requirements and supporting documentation to application procedures and tips for approval, this article serves as a complete resource for Canadian and Mexican professionals seeking TN status in the U.S.
What is the TN Visa?
The TN visa is a non-immigrant visa that permits citizens of Canada and Mexico to work in the United States in pre-approved professional roles. These roles are defined under the USMCA and include positions such as accountants, engineers, lawyers, scientists, and teachers, among many others.
Key Benefits of the TN Visa
- Fast processing time
- Low cost compared to other work visas
- No annual cap or quota
- Ability to renew indefinitely in 3-year increments
- Spouse and children eligible for TD dependent visas
Who is Eligible for a TN Visa?
Eligibility for the TN visa depends on several key factors. Below are the core requirements:
Citizenship
Only Canadian and Mexican citizens are eligible. Permanent residents of either country are not qualified for the TN visa.
Qualified Profession
The job you intend to perform in the U.S. must be listed on the USMCA’s list of TN professions. These include over 60 occupations, such as:
- Accountant
- Architect
- Computer Systems Analyst
- Engineer
- Graphic Designer
- Hotel Manager
- Mathematician
- Medical Laboratory Technologist
- Pharmacist
- Scientist
- Teacher (college, university, seminary)
Qualifications
You must possess the specific education or credentials required for the TN profession you are applying under. Generally, this means holding a bachelor’s degree or higher in a field directly related to the job. Some professions may allow for alternative qualifications such as licenses or experience.
U.S. Job Offer
You must have a prearranged full-time or part-time job with a U.S. employer. Self-employment is not permitted under the TN visa. The job offer must be in writing and should include job duties, duration, compensation, and the nature of the professional relationship.
TN Visa Requirements for Canadian Citizens
Canadian citizens enjoy a streamlined TN application process and do not need to obtain a visa in advance at a U.S. embassy or consulate.
Required Documents
To apply at a port of entry (land border or airport pre-clearance), you must present:
- Proof of Canadian citizenship (passport)
- A job offer letter from a U.S. employer detailing the nature of the employment, duties, length of stay, and compensation
- Documentation of your educational qualifications and/or professional credentials
- Evaluation of foreign degrees if applicable
- Applicable professional licenses if required for the profession
- Fee for processing ($50 at the port of entry or $56 if arriving by plane)
Alternative: Applying by Mail with USCIS
Alternatively, a U.S. employer may file Form I-129 on your behalf while you are outside the U.S. This process is more time-consuming but allows you to obtain a TN approval notice (Form I-797) before traveling. Upon approval, you can use the notice to enter the U.S. in TN status.
TN Visa Requirements for Mexican Citizens
Mexican citizens must first apply for a TN visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate before entering the U.S.
Required Documents
- Mexican passport valid for travel to the United States
- DS-160 confirmation page (online visa application form)
- Visa application fee payment receipt ($185 as of 2024)
- Job offer letter from a U.S. employer
- Academic credentials and supporting documents
- Professional licenses if required
Once the visa is granted, you may travel to a U.S. port of entry and be admitted in TN status.
How to Apply for a TN Visa
Step-by-Step Guide for Canadians
- Obtain a written job offer from a U.S. employer
- Gather your supporting documentation (degree certificates, transcripts, licenses)
- Go to a U.S. port of entry (land border or airport pre-clearance)
- Present your documents to a CBP officer for review
- Pay the processing fee if approved
- Receive TN status and enter the U.S. to begin work
Step-by-Step Guide for Mexicans
- Secure a job offer from a U.S. employer
- Complete the DS-160 online visa application form
- Pay the visa fee and schedule a visa interview at a U.S. consulate
- Attend the visa interview with all supporting documents
- If approved, receive your TN visa stamped in your passport
- Travel to a U.S. port of entry and request admission in TN status
How Long is the TN Visa Valid?
The TN visa is granted for up to 3 years per admission. However, it may be renewed indefinitely in 3-year increments, provided you continue to meet all eligibility criteria and intend to maintain temporary status in the U.S.
Renewal Options
- Apply for a new TN visa at the port of entry (Canadians)
- File Form I-129 through your employer with USCIS (for both Canadians and Mexicans)
- Apply for a new visa at a U.S. consulate (Mexicans)
Spouse and Children: The TD Visa
Spouses and unmarried children under the age of 21 may qualify for TD dependent status. They are not allowed to work but may attend school or college in the U.S.
TD Visa Application Process
- Canadian dependents may apply at the port of entry with proof of relationship
- Mexican dependents must apply for a TD visa at a U.S. consulate
Common Reasons for TN Visa Denial
While the TN visa process is relatively straightforward, denials can still occur. Common reasons include:
- Insufficient documentation or qualifications
- Ineligible profession or unclear job duties
- Lack of a genuine job offer
- Attempted self-employment
- Suspicion of immigrant intent
Tips for a Successful TN Visa Application
- Ensure your job offer matches a listed TN profession
- Verify that your education aligns with the profession’s requirements
- Prepare a detailed support letter from your employer
- Organize your documents neatly for review
- Be truthful and consistent in all responses and documents
When to Seek Legal Advice
Although many applicants are successful without legal representation, complex cases—such as those involving prior visa denials, unusual job titles, or unclear qualifications—may benefit from the guidance of an immigration attorney. Legal professionals can help draft compelling support letters and ensure compliance with all regulatory requirements.
Conclusion
The TN visa offers an excellent opportunity for Canadian and Mexican professionals to live and work in the United States on a temporary basis. With no annual cap, fast processing, and the ability to renew, it remains one of the most accessible work visas for North American citizens. By understanding the requirements and following the correct application steps, you can significantly increase your chances of success.
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