Adjustment of Status (AOS) is a critical immigration process that allows eligible individuals who are physically present in the United States to apply for lawful permanent resident status (a green card) without having to leave the country. Understanding where to file adjustment of status applications is crucial because submitting the paperwork to the correct location ensures timely processing and avoids unnecessary delays or rejections. This article provides a detailed guide on where to file Form I-485, the Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, as well as other associated forms and evidence.
What Is Adjustment of Status?
Adjustment of Status is a process by which an eligible immigrant already in the United States applies for permanent resident status without having to return to their home country to complete visa processing. The process requires filing Form I-485 with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and meeting eligibility criteria based on family sponsorship, employment, asylum, or other special categories.
The location where you file your AOS application varies depending on the basis of your adjustment and your residence. USCIS maintains several Lockbox facilities and local field offices for receiving and processing applications.
Why Is Knowing the Correct Filing Location Important?
USCIS has strict rules about where to submit forms. Filing to the wrong address can cause delays, denial of your application, or require you to refile. Additionally, some forms and supporting evidence must be sent separately to specific addresses. Knowing the correct filing address reduces the risk of errors and helps ensure smoother case handling.
Which Form Is Used for Adjustment of Status?
The primary form used to apply for Adjustment of Status is Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. Depending on your category, you may need to file additional forms concurrently, such as Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative), Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization), and Form I-131 (Application for Travel Document).
General Filing Instructions for Form I-485
USCIS provides specific instructions for where to mail Form I-485 based on:
- Your eligibility category (family-based, employment-based, asylum, etc.)
- Your current physical residence
- Whether you are filing concurrently with other forms
Generally, there are two main types of filing addresses:
- USCIS Lockbox Facilities: Centralized mail intake locations that handle initial processing
- USCIS Local Field Offices: Used for certain categories or follow-up activities
Where to File Adjustment of Status by Eligibility Category
1. Family-Based Adjustment of Status
If you are filing based on a family relationship (such as a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident petitioning for you), the filing location depends on your state of residence and whether you are filing Form I-485 with or without Form I-130.
- If Form I-130 is filed separately or already approved: You must file Form I-485 at the USCIS Lockbox facility specified for family-based applicants. The Lockbox facility varies depending on the state where you live. USCIS provides a detailed chart listing which Lockbox to use.
- If filing Form I-130 and Form I-485 concurrently: In many cases, you send both forms together to the USCIS Chicago Lockbox.
For example, residents of California often file to the USCIS Dallas Lockbox for family-based I-485 applications. It is essential to check the latest USCIS instructions as addresses may change.
2. Employment-Based Adjustment of Status
For employment-based adjustment of status applicants, USCIS also directs applicants to file Form I-485 at specific Lockbox facilities based on the applicant’s physical address and whether the applicant is filing with or without an approved immigrant petition (Form I-140).
If filing concurrently with Form I-140, USCIS may require filing at a different address than when filing after approval of the petition. Many employment-based applicants must send their I-485 to the USCIS Vermont or Nebraska Lockbox facilities.
3. Asylees and Refugees
Applicants adjusting status based on asylum or refugee status generally file Form I-485 at the USCIS Nebraska Service Center Lockbox facility. The USCIS provides specific instructions for these categories on where to mail the application package.
4. Special Categories
There are several special categories such as Cuban Adjustment Act applicants, VAWA self-petitioners, and other humanitarian statuses. These applicants usually have unique filing instructions and designated filing addresses, which can be found in the USCIS Form I-485 instructions or USCIS website.
How to Find the Correct Filing Address
USCIS frequently updates the addresses for filing Form I-485. To find the most accurate and up-to-date filing location, applicants should:
- Visit the official USCIS I-485 filing addresses page.
- Consult the latest Form I-485 instructions available on the USCIS website.
- Check whether you are filing alone or concurrently with other forms (I-130, I-140, etc.).
- Verify your eligibility category and your state of residence.
USCIS also offers an online Address Search Tool where you can enter the form type and your location to get the current filing addresses.
Mailing Tips and Best Practices
When sending your Adjustment of Status application package, consider these important tips:
- Use a reliable courier or mailing service that provides tracking and delivery confirmation (such as USPS Priority Mail, FedEx, or UPS).
- Do not send your application package via regular first-class mail as it may delay delivery or result in lost applications.
- Prepare a complete package: Include Form I-485, filing fee payment, supporting documents, photographs, and additional forms if applicable.
- Make copies: Always keep a full copy of everything you send for your records.
Filing Form I-765 and I-131 Along with Adjustment of Status
Applicants filing Form I-485 often simultaneously file Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) and Form I-131 (Application for Travel Document) to obtain work permits and advance parole travel authorization while their application is pending.
These forms can often be filed together with Form I-485 at the same address. However, USCIS sometimes requires separate mailing addresses for certain categories or filing scenarios. Applicants should carefully review USCIS instructions or use the USCIS Address Search Tool for precise details.
In-Person Filing at USCIS Offices
Generally, USCIS does not accept walk-in filings of adjustment of status applications at their field offices or service centers. All initial filings must be mailed to the appropriate Lockbox facility.
USCIS field offices may be involved later in the process for biometrics appointments, interviews, and follow-up requests. But initial submission must be done by mail unless specifically instructed otherwise by USCIS.
Filing After a Change of Address
If you move after filing your I-485, it is important to notify USCIS promptly using Form AR-11, Alien’s Change of Address Card. Failure to update your address may result in missed appointment notices or Request for Evidence (RFE) letters, which could negatively impact your application.
Conclusion
Knowing where to file adjustment of status applications is one of the most important steps in ensuring a smooth immigration process for applicants seeking lawful permanent residence in the U.S. The filing location depends heavily on your eligibility category, whether you are filing concurrently with other petitions, and your physical state of residence.
To avoid delays, rejection, or lost applications, always refer to the latest USCIS Form I-485 instructions and use the official USCIS resources for filing addresses. Paying close attention to the correct mailing location and ensuring a complete and well-prepared application package will significantly improve your chances of timely processing.
By understanding these filing requirements and following the guidelines carefully, you can confidently navigate the Adjustment of Status process with fewer obstacles and move closer to obtaining your green card.
Related topics:
- Top 5 Best H1B Immigration Lawyers for Your Visa Success
- Top 7 O-1 Visa Lawyers for Extraordinary Talent
- How to Check Your Spouse Visa Status: A Comprehensive Guide
